| REVIEW ARTICLE |
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| Year : 2022 | Volume
: 34
| Issue : 1 | Page : 16-24 |
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A systematic review on the role of antioxidants in thyroid eye disease
Shadi Akbarian1, Samira Chaibakhsh1, Mohsen Bahmani Kashkouli2, Nasser Karimi1, Parya Abdolalizadeh1, Hossein Ghahvehchian1
1 Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2 Skull Base Research Center, Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Correspondence Address:
Mohsen Bahmani Kashkouli
Rassoul Akram Hospital, Sattarkhan Niayesh St, Tehran 1455364
Iran
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None
DOI: 10.4103/joco.joco_266_21
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Purpose: To systematically review the role of antioxidants in management of patients with thyroid eye disease (TED).
Methods: A literature search of the electronic databases was performed without restrictions on the date of publication till the end of March 2021, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Clinical trials, case–control studies, cohorts, case series, case reports, and experimental (including in vitro) studies in the English language were included. The primary outcome in human studies was improvement in severity, activity scores, and/or quality of life scores. There was a decrease in the level of H2O2-dependent oxidative stress, Hyaluronic acid release, reactive oxygen species, cell proliferation, or antifibrotic/antiproliferative actions in the in vitro studies.
Results: Out of 374 initially screened articles, 157 studies were selected, the full texts of 82 were reviewed, and 14 papers were finally included. There were 4 clinical and 10 in vitro studies from 1993 to 2018. While β-carotene, retinol, Vitamin E, Vitamin C, melatonin, resveratrol, N-acetyl-l-cysteine, and quercetin showed some efficacy in in vitro studies; allopurinol, nicotinamide, pentoxifylline, and selenium (Se) were effective in both clinical and experimental reports. Se was the only recommended antioxidant based on one high-level randomized controlled trial.
Conclusion: While different antioxidants could potentially be effective in the management of TED, no strong recommendation for any or combination of antioxidants could be made to be implemented in the daily practice.
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